Package Drinking Water System

The demand of water is increasing year after year. The per capita consumption of water has increased and given the limited resource of fresh water it is difficult for the countries to make available its population the fresh water. Keeping this situation in mind many industries have set up mineral water plant in order to obtain fresh drinking water.

Purification

The first step is water purification . Water obtained from the external source is allowed to pass through the purification unit and then stored in a stainless tank. Passed through the purification plant and stored in a stainless steel tank. After purification water is taken to the bottling section. Bottling is done as a continuous operation. Purification is followed by Rinsing, Filling and Capping. The unit automatically fills, rinses, and screws the cap on it. Finally mineral water is labeled, packed and marketed.

Process of Mineral Water Plant

Processing mineral water from underground water resource or other resources goes as follows. Motor pump is used to draw water from theses sources or source which is transported to the source water reservoir. Coagulation chemical is added to remove the settled colloidal and suspended materials contaminated in the water. Water is then sterilized using oxidants like chlorine or other chemicals to kill harmful bacteria and microorganism.

Filtration is the next step. Using filtration system like Quartz Sand Filtration System gives good purifying results. After purification water contains very little amount of suspended solids.

For further purification, water is absorbed on the activated carbon which absorbs most pollutants dissolved in water. This also helps in the removal of the odors and helps in improving the flavor of the water.

After being purified water softening is done by passing water through the tank containing sodium ion. The tank consist of resin pellets and the softening is done by ion exchange method Water still contains small micro pollutants that are removed by passing them through tanks that are meant for this purpose.

Apart from this method reverse osmosis process is also used for obtaining pure water. In this process water is purified by using semi permeable membrane. Purified water is sterilized or disinfected and then packed for market.
 

The advantages of Bottled Water include:

An emergency source of water in the event your primary water source fails or becomes contaminated.
A convenient source of usually safe water for drinking outside of the home.
Bottled water, since it does not contain chlorine, and may contain a mix of minerals to enhance flavor, may taste better than untreated tap water.
Most bottled water will contain fewer contaminants than untreated tap water.

Major Techniques used in package drinking water

Ultra Violet Light:
Water passes through a clear chamber where it is exposed to Ultra Violet (UV) Light. UV light effectively destroys bacteria and viruses. However, how well the UV system works depends on the energy dose that the organism absorbs. If the energy dose is not high enough, the organism’s genetic material may only be damaged rather than disrupted.
The advantages of using UV include:
No known toxic or significant nontoxic byproducts introduced
Removes some organic contaminants
Leaves no smell or taste in the treated water
Requires very little contact time (seconds versus minutes for chemical disinfection)
Improves the taste of water because some organic contaminants and nuisance
microorganisms are destroyed
Many pathogenic microorganisms are killed or rendered inactive.
Does not affect minerals in water

Ozonation:

The formation of oxygen into ozone occurs with the use of energy. This process is carried out by an electric discharge field as in the CD-type ozone generators (corona discharge simulation of the lightning), or by ultraviolet radiation as in UV-type ozone generators (simulation of the ultra-violet rays from the sun). In addition to these commercial methods, ozone may also be made through electrolytic and chemical reactions.
Ozone is a naturally occurring component of fresh air. It can be produced by the ultraviolet rays of the sun reacting with the Earth's upper atmosphere (which creates a protective ozone layer), by lightning, or it can be created artificially with an ozone generator.
The ozone molecule contains three oxygen atoms whereas the normal oxygen molecule contains only two. Ozone is a very reactive and unstable gas with a short half-life before it reverts back to oxygen. Ozone is the most powerful and rapid acting oxidizer man can produce, and will oxidize all bacteria, mold and yeast spores, organic material and viruses given sufficient exposure.

The advantages of using Ozone include:
Ozone is primarily a disinfectant that effectively kills biological contaminants.
Ozone also oxidizes and precipitates iron, sulfur, and manganese so they can be filtered out of solution.
Ozone will oxidize and break down many organic chemicals including many that cause odor and taste problems.
Ozonation produces no taste or odor in the water.
Since ozone is made of oxygen and reverts to pure oxygen, it vanishes without trace once it has been used. In the home, this does not matter much, but when water companies use ozone to disinfect the water there is no residual disinfectant, so chlorine or another disinfectant must be added to minimize microbial growth during storage and distribution

Reverse Osmosis (RO):

Water pressure is used to force water molecules through a membrane that has extremely tiny pores, leaving the larger contaminants behind. Purified water is collected from the "clean" side of the membrane, and water containing the concentrated contaminants is flushed down the drain from the "contaminated" side. The average RO system is a unit consisting of a sediment/chlorine pre filter, the reverse-osmosis membrane, a water storage tank, and an activated-carbon post filter.

The advantages of Reverse Osmosis include:
Reverse osmosis significantly reduces salt, most other inorganic material present in the water, and some organic compounds. With a quality carbon filter to remove any organic materials that get through the filter, the purity of the treated water approaches that produced by distillation.
Microscopic parasites (including viruses) are usually removed by properly functioning RO units, but any defect in the membrane would allow these organisms to flow undetected into the "filtered" water - they are not recommended for use on biologically unsafe water.
Though slower than a carbon or sediment water filter, RO systems can typically purify more water per day than distillers and are less expensive to operate and maintain.
Reverse Osmosis systems also do not use electricity, although because they require relatively high water pressure to operate, they may not work well in some emergency situations.